Surrealism
Surrealism started in Paris in 1924,
contradicting to the dada movement, surrealism was the soul opposite of Dada,
surrealism was a way of thinking, knowing and living.
Dada was more negative, destructive while
surrealism acknowledged poetic faith in man and their spirit, humanity
liberated from social moral conventions.
Surrealist writers experimented automatism,
to seek an uninhibited truth. Surrealist writers were limitied to French
literary and scholarly circles. The movement branched out from the painters;
they affected society and visual communications. Surrealist produced images with emotional
content, symbolism or fantasy triggered a collective and universal response in
large numbers of people.
Max Ernst who was a Dadaist used techniques
that have been adopted in graphic communications. Ernst was interested in wood
engravings in the nineteenth-century novels and catalogues, Ernst remade by
using collage techniques to create bizarre juxtapositions, these collages had a
strong influence ini illustration. His “frottage” technique involved using
rubbings to compose directly on paper.
According to Meggs: “Ernts’s imagination
invented images in them much as one sees images in cloud formations”
He used this to develop rubbings into fantastic
pictures. “Decalomania,” Ernsts process of
transferring images from print to a drawing or a painting this enabled him to combine
a variety of images into his work. This technique has been used widely by
illustrators painters and for print making.
Salvador Dali’s work influenced graphic
design in two ways, his deep perspectives in his prints and paintings has
inspired designers to bring vast depth to the flat, printed page and it has
been used repeatedly in editorial images
and posters.
A group of surrealist painters called the “emblematics”
worked on purely visual vocabulary; visual automatism was used in order to
create impulsive expression of the inner
life in the work Of Joan Miro and Jean Arp.
Arp and Miro’s biomorphic forms and open composition were incorporated
into product and graphic design.
The surrealist impact on graphic design was
diverse, it provided poetic example of liberation, and it pioneered new
techniques and demonstrated how fantasy and intuition could be expressed in
visuals.
Klinkov Valier Nikolaevich wrote that “To
analyse the spheres where the influence of surrealism was the strongest the
arts are usually associated more frequently than in other fields”
The original goal of surrealism is to
liberate imagination, which can be traced in a number of creative works and everyday
life social conditions.
Reference:
Meggs P. B. and Purvis A. W. 1998.
5th Edition. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons , Inc.
Klinkov Valier Nikolaevich 2009, 1920’s surrealism.
Influence of Surrealism [online] available at: http://www.klinkov.com/surrealism-biography,
[accessed 5th December 2013]
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