The Bauhaus 1919-1933
The Bauhaus was the ultimate school of art
back in that period of time it opened on the 12th of April 1919; in
fact its aim was to be the ultimate building for visual arts. Walter Gropius wanted
to bring a unity of art and technology; he wanted students to use visual design
to solve problems. The Bauhaus years were visionary its main inspiration was
brought by the expressionism movement, characterized by the imaginary desire to
create a new society, the ability for artists and craftsmen to construct for
the future. Gropious was very interested in architectures symbolic potential.
Stained glass, wood and metal workshops
were taught by an artists and a craftsman. When Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky
joined in 1920 and 1922, advanced ideas about form, colour and space were put into
the design vocabulary. Paul Klee added modern visual art with the work of
non-western cultures and children in order to create drawings and paintings
that are charged with visual communication. While Wassily Kandinsky used the
autonomy and spiritual values of colour and form which had led to the
courageous emancipation of his paintings from the elements.
In the heart of the Bauhaus education was
the preliminary course. Established by Johannes Itten, his goals were to make
sure each students creative abilities, to develop an understanding of the
physical nature of material and to teach the fundamental principles of design
underlying all visual art.
Itten put emphasizes on visual contrasts
and the analysis of old master paintings. He sought to develop perceptual awareness,
intellectual abilities and emotional experiences. Itten had left the Bauhaus in
1923 because of a disagreement about the conduct of this course.
The Bauhaus later started evolving from a
medievalism, expressionism and handicraft towards to rationalism and designing
for machinery. Furniture design and
typography were especially influenced by De Stijl.
At early spring of 1919 a teacher in the
Bauhaus Lyonel Feininger learned about De stijl and had introduced it to the
Bauhaus. The Bauhaus and De stijl had very similar aims, in 1920 Van Doesburg
established contacts with the Bauhaus, and moved to Weimar. Doesburg desired a teaching position but
Gropious believed that Van Doesburg was very assertive in, he was very strict
in geometry and in an impersonal style.
Reference:
Meggs P. B. and Purvis A. W. 1998. 5th Edition. Hoboken, New
Jersey: John Wiley & Sons , Inc.
Bauhaus Dessau
,The
Bauhaus Building by Walter Gropius [online] available at: http://www.bauhaus-dessau.de/bauhaus-building.html [accessed: 23/11/2013]
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